Parents Father & Mother	Parents Hans & Madalen
Husband: Name: Jacob Hirtzel   Birth Date: 1580 Birth Place: Pfäffikon, Zurich, Switzerland   Death Date: x Death Place: x	Wife: Name: Madalena Bosshart Keller   Birth Date: 11 Feb 1581 Birth Place: Altorff, Zurich, Switzerland   Death Date: 2 Aug 1601 Death Place: Pfäffikon, Zurich, Switzerland
Marriage Date: 1601 Location: Switzerland
Children: Hans Heinrich Hirtzel
Notes: U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900 Name: Jacob Hirzel Gender: male Birth Place: SW Birth Year: 1580 Spouse Name: Madalena Bosshart Keller Spouse Birth Year: 1581 Number Pages: 1   U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900 Name: Jacob Hirtzel Gender: male Birth Place: SW Birth Year: 1581 Spouse Name: Madelena Keller Marriage Year: 1601 Marriage State: SW Number Pages: 1	Notes: U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900 Name: Madalena Bosshart Keller Gender: female Birth Year: 1581 Spouse Name: Jacob Hirzel Spouse Birth Place: SW Spouse Birth Year: 1580 Number Pages: 1   Millennium File-Dependency Database2 (Ancestry.com) Name: Madalen Keller Spouse: Jacob Hirzel Birth Date: 1581 Birth country: Switzerland Death Country: Switzerland Parents: Hans Keller, Madalen Bosshart Children: Hans Heinrich Hirzel Other Information: Notes
Notes About Madalena Bosshart Keller Originally submitted by GenevaSwis to Hodnett-Price-Gauthier-Normand (Ancestry.com) and more on 8 Nov 2007   From a book on "Herm. Brunggers" and that family, page photocopied by Genealogist J. Arnold of Zurich contains an interesting and revealing statement of life of the peasant at that time, and before, of Heinrich - A. Anthony and Hans (Johannes) Keller, of the serfdom of these people, being at this beginning of the 16trh century somewhat less than it was in the Middle Ages. It states that this family were serfs to the Master of the Cloister Ruti and subject to such Masters, many of whom were Free Citizens. It then states that Hans Keller, the Miller, and his wife Madalen Bosshart, after his death, here son George Keller had to pay 1 Pound 4 Schillings to satisfy the obligation for the death. The children inherited the bondage from the mother- Madalen Bosshart Keller, who then married Jacob Hirzel. It goes on further to state, "The rate of bondage has come less since the Middle Ages, the main reason being the influence of the Church, and has significantly improved".   "Originally their Right and Worth (the accumulated chattels) was but little more than owning a head of cattle but not permitted to sell or exchange it, they were not free of their Master's impunity and surveillance. They could not own their own land and must be under his jurisdiction, nor any parcel of land they built on could be owned but had to pay rental and in addition must give one or more days work to the Master on his property weekly, as ones duty to the Master".   "The same man had a fear of his life concerning his wife and family and family because of these obligations as a serf to his Master. Ater his death the Master could claim his whole real and personal property, thus to satisfy his interest he could claim his best clothing or his best head of cattle as that which the Master has a right to claim at the serf's death". This clearly shows that our forefathers of the "Keller family we're here recording through the 16th centurey were serfs, near slaves, in the Kloster Ruti. ------By J. Arnold. Zurich, Switzerland, October 3, 1971